HERACLES ~ THE GREEK PROTECTOR OF THE BUDDHA

The mark of the Indo-Greek kingdoms on Buddhism, is well known. From King Menander, who protected and promoted Buddhism, to the art of Gandhara, the Greek influence is undoubted.

Before Hellenistic times, the Buddha and other deities were never depicted in art in a human form. Greek artisans innovated and gave the Buddha his first actual image. 
Moreover, it was very common for Greek deities to be incorporated in foreign religions. Members of the Greek pantheon became very popular with foreign people, such as Atlas who appears on Buddhist monuments. 

Also,the Hellenistic period saw Buddhism’s adoption of the Greek hero Heracles as a club- wielding protector of the Buddha.

After the death of Alexander, who honoured Heracles and considered him one of his bloodline ancestors, Heracles was frequently depicted in eastern religion and art. From coins to sculptures, the Greek hero's presence in the conquered territories was striking. His story became deep knowledge and inspired the artists of Gandhara. His connection with the Buddha could easily have taken place due to Heracle's epic achievements, his physical and mental strength and his history of travelling to numerous foreign lands.

It has also been suggested that since Heracles was particularly honoured by the Greco-Bactrian Kings,he provided a sense of royalty to Buddhism; and this attracted the attention of the Kushan Kings. It should also be noted that Heracles is the role-model of the great man who achieves immortality and divine status.These qualities, earned through trial and experience, are greatly admired and,at the same time, fit perfectly with the spiritual sovereignty of the Buddha.This is seen in art from India, before eventually he was transported to Japan as a guardian deity (Nio). Heracles is easily recognizable in these depictions, and he was called Vajrapani.